ANAPHYLAXIS (SEVERE ALLERGY REACTION)
WHAT IS IT
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs suddenly and can affect the whole body. It is a medical emergency that can cause breathing difficulty, low blood pressure (shock), and even death if not treated immediately.
CAUSES
• Food allergies (nuts, shellfish, milk, eggs)
• Medications (antibiotics, painkillers like NSAIDs)
• Insect stings (bee, wasp)
• Latex allergy
• Sometimes the cause may be unknown (idiopathic)
SYMPTOMS
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat
• Hives (skin rash) and itching
• Drop in blood pressure (feeling dizzy or faint)
• Rapid or weak pulse
• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
• Feeling of impending danger or anxiety
• Loss of consciousness in severe cases
RISK FACTORS
• History of severe allergies or anaphylaxis
• Asthma (especially poorly controlled)
• Known food or drug allergies
• Family history of allergies
DIAGNOSIS
• Based on sudden symptoms and medical history
• Physical examination
• Blood tests (like serum tryptase) may help confirm after the episode
• Allergy testing later to identify the trigger
TREATMENT
• Immediate injection of Epinephrine (Adrenaline) – life-saving treatment
• Emergency medical care (hospitalization)
• Oxygen and IV fluids if needed
• Antihistamines and steroids may be given as supportive treatment
• Patients at risk should carry an epinephrine auto-injector if prescribed
PREVENTION
• Avoid known allergens strictly
• Read food labels carefully
• Inform doctors about drug allergies
• Carry emergency medication (epinephrine) if advised
• Wear a medical alert ID
WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR
• Immediately if symptoms of anaphylaxis appear
• After any allergic reaction affecting breathing or consciousness
• If you have a history of severe allergies
• For evaluation and allergy testing
IMPORTANT NOTE
This information is for educational purposes only. For proper diagnosis and treatment, consult a qualified healthcare professional.
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